Overview
Climbing the highest mountain in Africa is no small feat. Mount Kilimanjaro–at 19,341 feet above sea level–is known as the ‘Roof of Africa.’ While it is considered a community hike, meaning that no technical skills are required, the climb is not to be taken lightly. Its summit can be reached in 5-8 days by ascending through five distinct climatic zones. Along the way, hikers need to be prepared to face altitude sickness, steep ascents, and cold weather.
Physical Preparation
The physical challenges posed by Mount Kilimanjaro come with a major caveat–it can be as difficult as you make it. With a proper training and conditioning program, even novice hikers can succeed, as long as they are willing to invest the time and effort needed to prepare.
For starters, all climbers should work on strengthening their core, legs, and back muscles. Working up to running up and down hills or performing stair climbing or squats can help prepare for the ascents of Mount Kilimanjaro. It’s also helpful to work on stretching, which helps the body become more flexible to help with balance and uphill/downhill hiking.
Study the Route
Mount Kilimanjaro’s elevation can vary drastically, with temperatures changing from as low as -15°C to as high as 35°C. It is composed of five distinct climatic zones. To be successful, climbers will need to be prepared for whichever zone they are in and plan accordingly.
In terms of altitude, the summit of Mount Kilimanjaro is 8,000+ feet above sea level. As such, acclimatization is essential to the climbing process. During the trek, climbers can expect to ascend up to 4,000 feet per day, and typically no more than 1,000 feet in the few days prior to the summit.
Equipment List
The most essential piece of equipment on Kilimanjaro is a good pair of mountaineering boots. Properly insulated and waterproof boots are essential for comfort and safety, as are appropriate layers of clothing including a warm hat. Additionally, water bottles are a must for hydration, as conditions on the mountain can be very dry.
Managing Altitude Sickness
Altitude sickness is a very real concern on Mount Kilimanjaro. It can occur twice over the course of the climb: in the first few days, and again as climbers near the summit. Headaches, dizziness, fatigue, and loss of appetite are all symptoms of altitude sickness that can increase in severity the higher climbers get.
To minimize the risk of altitude sickness, it’s important for climbers to take their time ascending the mountain and to limit their physical exertion. Drinking plenty of fluids and eating light meals can also help, and of course, listening to the advice of a guide is essential.
Acclimating to Cold Weather
At higher elevations, temperatures drop significantly–especially during the night. It is essential for climbers to wear layers of clothing to keep them warm and dry. Waterproof and insulated hiking boots, a fleece hat, and insulated gloves are all extremely helpful.
It is important for climbers to make sure their lower body stays warm and dry. Woolen leggings and a fleece coat should suffice in the most extreme conditions. During the descent, it is oftentimes more difficult to regulate body temperature. Therefore, it is essential to bring an extra layer of clothing and an extra pair of warm socks, just in case.
Consider Hiring a Guide
Hiring a guide can be a helpful and comforting way to get up and down Mount Kilimanjaro. Experienced guides can help adventurers avoid the common mistakes that can lead to altitude sickness or fatigue. Moreover, guides can provide useful information and guide travelers through some of the more technical terrain that can arise near the summit.
Nutrition and Hydration
Maintaining adequate nutrition and hydration on the mountain is absolutely essential. Eating light meals, such as porridge, sandwiches, and dried fruits, are important for staying properly fueled. Similarly, drinking plenty of fluids is key for avoiding dehydration. Popular drinks for climbers are Vitamin-rich smoothies, soups, and teas.
Speed or Careful Discretion?
For some, the goal of climbing Mount Kilimanjaro is simply to reach the summit. For many, however, the focus is on enjoying the experience and taking in the immense beauty of the mountain. As such, a slower, more careful ascent may be necessary to prevent altitude sickness. This can take longer, but the journey is more enjoyable and safer in the process.
Benefits of Slow Ascending
At higher elevations, it is important to slow down climbing, as a decrease in oxygen levels typically causes fatigue and, in some cases, altitude sickness. Slow ascending can also help climbers to savor their surroundings and better master the terrain they are trying to scale. This also allows adventurers to properly fuel their bodies and to get enough sleep–two essential components of making it to the summit in an enjoyable, successful manner.
Essential Supplies
In addition to the necessary clothing, water bottles, and snacks, it is important for climbers to bring along numerous other supplies. A map, for example, can provide valuable information about the routes, terrains, and distance markers to be aware of along the way. Other helpful items may include a compass, multi-tool, headlamp, and a whistle for hailing help in case of an emergency.
Attitude and Discipline
Climbing Mount Kilimanjaro can be a very rewarding experience. But as with any strenuous hike, there will be moments of fatigue, discomfort, and disorientation. It is important for climbers to maintain a positive attitude throughout the climb and to trust in their ability to make it to the top. Disciplining oneself to a steady pace, adequate breaks, and proper nutrition and hydration can help to ensure greater success on the mountain.
